Swallowing
Research on supporting swallowing function, including biofeedback-based and immersive approaches for dysphagia.
Swallowing support is a core part of speech-language pathology practice, and researchers have begun exploring how VR and related technologies could enhance this work.
The strongest current evidence comes from game-based biofeedback systems that use sensors to detect swallowing effort and translate it into interactive visual feedback - making the repetitive activities required for swallowing rehabilitation more engaging and motivating. These approaches have shown promising results in early trials, particularly for people recovering from stroke or head and neck cancer.
True immersive VR for swallowing is just emerging, with researchers exploring how virtual environments could provide context for functional eating and drinking practice, or how VR-based relaxation could support people who experience anxiety around mealtimes.
This area represents the furthest extension of VR into speech-language pathology practice. While the evidence base is still developing, the potential to improve engagement with activities that require high repetition and sustained motivation makes it a space worth watching.
2 Studies
First scoping review (2025) of digital health technology for dysphagia rehabilitation - covering VR, AR, video games, telehealth, AI-based systems, and mobile apps for swallowing therapy
A scoping review published in Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine synthesizing the digital technology landscape for dysphagia (swallowing) rehabilitation. Searched Medline Complete, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and grey literature for articles published January 2000-mid-2024. Covers personalized exercise platforms, remote monitoring, real-time feedback systems, VR, video games, AI-based interventions, and mobile applications across the dysphagia care continuum. The first major review for our Hub's swallowing topic, which previously had only one study.
Protocol for an RCT testing video-game based swallowing training for post-stroke dysphagia
This paper describes the protocol for a planned randomized controlled trial that will test whether a video-game based swallowing training program driven by surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback is more effective than conventional swallowing training for adults with post-stroke dysphagia. No results are available yet - this is the study design and methodology plan, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05978700.
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